Management Plan For Patients With Cancer - 853 Words

. I was requested, by many staff, to return again. †¢ Commended for efficiently arranging patient disposition, thus minimising disruption to flow. †¢ First on-call for consultation of a variety of ED referrals, which required prioritisation, patient assessment, investigation requests, patient flow awareness and instituting management plans. †¢ Co-ordinated transfers via RFDS to tertiary hospitals for complex patients while managing up to 23 patients with my supervisor. †¢ Commended by rural GPs whom I phoned prior to patient discharge to enable an effective handover. †¢ Recognised for completing quality discharge letters, leaving pending summaries to a record low. †¢ Worked efficiently for preparation of, and during, fortnightly multidisciplinary meetings that discussed management for patients with cancer. My performance was commended by my Professors. ïÆ'Ëœ To complete the Medical Service Improvement Program at Rockingham General Hospital in 2016. ïÆ'Ëœ Involved in DVT prophylaxis and APACHE audit in ICU SJOG Murdoch in 2015. ïÆ'Ëœ Involved in the National Stroke Foundation Audit 2015 at Fiona Stanley Hospital with Dr Ghia and Gill Edmonds (CNS) which aims to evaluate the process in stroke management. ïÆ'Ëœ AHC antimicrobial stewardship program 2014: this audit examined the use of intraoperative antibiotics used by anaesthetists. I was involved in creating local guidelines for intraoperative antibiotics. I presented this information to the regional anaesthetists with Chief Pharmacist MsShow MoreRelatedCancer Pain Management And The Role Of Social Work855 Words   |  4 Pagesthis article â€Å"Cancer pain management and the role of social work: Barriers and interventions,† will increase social workers’ awareness of the pervasiveness of cancer-related pain. (Scott Reeves, 2010) It is vital for a social worker to identify the barriers and develop a plan of intervention that include; communication, assessment, problem solving, and psychological support. The quality of life has become more and more significant in the management of cancer. Patients with cancer are survivingRead MoreA Study On Lung Cancer1329 Words   |  6 Pageswhich recently has been diagnosed with Metastatic Lung Cancer. Lung cancer itself accounts for killing an estimated 1.5 million people annually worldwide (Keshamouni, et.al, 2009). Lung cancer is divided into two major types: Non-small-cell cancer which includes these types of cancers; adenocarcinoma, squamous cell and large-cell, these all account to 80% of cases. The second major type is the Small-cell lung cancer which includes these cancers; oat cell, intermediate and combined, all of which onlyRead MoreEffects Of The Diagnosis Of Bowel Cancer915 Words   |  4 PagesGoldwasser (2009) accepted that being diagnosed with cancer comes as a terrible shock for most people and those affected may look back on the experience and remember it as all being a bit of a dream. Often they are given information that they are only able to take in part of what they are told. As the news sinks in and they are ready to talk about what is going to happen, the most important thing to remember is that it is their body they are discussing. People must be allowed to make decisionsRead MoreDisease Case Study730 Words   |  3 Pages insomnia, hirsutism, thinning hair, and digestion problems. Labs need to be drawn to evaluate LH, prolactin, and TSH level. Her TSH being elevated may very well be the reason for this patient’s abnormal bleeding. Lab work will help diagnose the patient with a hormone issue. This diagnosis cannot be ruled out at this time. 2. Fibroids: Fibroids are benign growths that are hormone dependent. They are seen in 25% of women in reproductive years. If diagnosed with this condition, it usually will improveRead MoreNursing Care Plan: Terminal Illness and End-of-Life1639 Words   |  7 PagesNursing Care Plan: Terminal Illness and End-of-Life Lisa White Western Governors University Community and Population Health SZT 2 September 07, 2013 Nursing Care Plan: Terminal Illness and End-of-Life Personal Perceptions Quality of life is an individual concept that is different for each person. Personal perception of quality of life may differ from the reality of one’s life. My perception of quality of life and health promotion include a close relationship with spouse and familyRead MoreInteractive Health Communication Applications ( Ichas )1486 Words   |  6 Pagesare internet-based patient centered support systems designed to enhance patient-clinician partnerships. Variable differences between the presentations of symptoms can impact a patient’s subjective experience of illness. Frequent questions and concerns about symptom management and self-care increase the demand for health care services. The rising demand for interactive healthcare calls for advanced tools to provide reliable advice, education, and social support that can help patients actively participateRead MorePain Management in the Oncology Patient1605 Words   |  6 PagesPain Management in the Oncology Patient â€Æ' Title of research article Gropelli, T., Sharer, J. (2013). Nurses Perceptions of Pain Management in Older Adults. MEDSURG Nursing, 22(6), 375-382. Type of research study Qualitative Purpose of study The purpose of this study was to focus on nurses’ perceptions about chronic and acute pain in long-term care. Limited research exists regarding the attitudes of pain management and there is a need indicated to focus on nurses’ perceptions about chronicRead MoreContinuity Of Care For Different Multi Disciplinary Teams Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the point of view of patients and providers. It is mainly related to the satisfaction of patients with both facets of interpersonal and coordination of care. Traditionally, continuity of health care is perceived as the endless relationship between the patients and identified health care providers. However, continuity of care cannot be evaluated mainly through the experiences and testimonials of patients because it is entangled to other aspects such as case management and multidisciplinary teamRead MoreCare And The Cancer Patient1577 Words   |  7 PagesAND THE CANCER PATIENT Approach to Care and the Cancer Patient Jennifer Swartz Grand Canyon University NRS 410 October 28, 2012 Approach to Care and the Cancer Patient â€Å"When it comes to cancer care, studies suggest that survival rates improve for patients when they are cared for by a multidisciplinary team† (Approach to Care, 2012, p. 1). This quote from the Wilmot Cancer Center’s article on how to approach care with cancer patients sums up two key pieces in approaching cancer care. FirstRead MoreEssay on Mens Health 1674 Words   |  7 Pagesis defined as the holistic management of health conditions and risks that are most common or specific to men in order to promote optimal physical, emotional and social health’. Male sexual health is important, however, men’s health goes beyond sexual and reproductive health (The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners 2007). Skills are developed by nurses allowing them to treat patients in all of the different levels of disease prevention. By conducting a patient health assessment a nurse

We Must Reform Our Criminal Justice System Essay - 2372 Words

Hillary Clinton said, We can do better. We can not ignore the inequalities that persist in our justice system that undermine our most deeply held values of fairness and equality. She was correct in her statement, we need to reform our criminal justice system because it is highly lacking in fairness and equality. 2.38 million Americans are in prison, with another five million on probation or parole. 1 in 31 adults in the United States are in jail, prison, or on probation or parole. (Ferner) The populations of our prison are increasing, while trust in law enforcers is declining, and if we want to solve the inequalities we must reform parts of our criminal justice system. We should reform our criminal justice system to fix the inequalities of mandatory sentences, bail, and we should create reentry programs to help released inmates stay crime free. In the past years we have seen many riots and debates over the racism and inequalities in our criminal justice system. We have heard story after story, and watched video after video of police brutality and racism in America. We saw the unfair outcome of the Zimmerman and Treyvon Martin case. When George Zimmerman followed Treyvon Martin, a seventeen year old African American boy who was walking around the neighborhood, just because he looked suspicious to him. Even after notifying the police, Zimmerman followed Martin and ended up shooting him, after Zimmerman had hung up with the dispatcher who told him they did not need himShow MoreRelatedWe Must Reform Our Criminal Justice System Essay1903 Words   |  8 Pagessaid, We can do better. We cannot ignore the inequalities that persist in our justice system that undermine our most deeply held values of fairness and equality. She was correct in her statement, we need to reform our criminal justice system due to it highly lacking in fair ness and equality. 2.38 million Americans are in prison, with another five million on probation or parole. 1 in 31 adults in the United States are in jail, prison, or on probation or parole. (Ferner) The populations of our prisonRead MoreNational Prescription Drug Take Back Day1477 Words   |  6 PagesSaturday September 26, 2015 or so called National Prescription Drug Take Back Day is a small part of the up and coming criminal ­justice reform that the nation has been raving about. From the war on drugs, to the prison system; the president along with congressmen and woman have been discussing this so called â€Å"reform†. Take Back Day plays a small part in the want to dispose properly of leftover drugs which can be hazardous to the environment and not allowing unused medications to be distributedRead MoreThe Myth Of Police Reform1518 Words   |  7 Pagespolice reform, many agree that our country is long overdue for it, however, the questions are how exactly do we, as a nation, go about changing one of the most powerful structures to exist in the country. While some believe that reform must come from within the individually flawed police departments, others argue that the entire criminal justice system needs an overhaul. In this Response essay about Ta-Nehisti Coastes’ essay â€Å"The Myth of Police Reform,† Coates is saying, that the criminal-justice systemRead MoreDiversion Programmes And Access Of Mental Health Facilities1106 Words   |  5 Pagescorrect this situation, diversion programmes must be able to transfer mentally ill prisoners to mental health care facilities. These techniques allow individuals to be placed in an appropriate environment where treatment can be much more effective. (18) Although such techniques exist within Australian jurisdictions, they are only useful when there are practical alternatives offered. (18) Due to the limited facilities available, diversion techniques must be extremely effective at treating mental disordersRead MoreAnalysis Of The Cycle Of Juvenile Justice1342 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CYCLE JUVENILE JUSTICE​ ​1 Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory Name School ​​ Professor Class Date Analysis of the Cycle of Juvenile Justice Theory ​In the text, Thomas Bernard examines the cyclical nature of the juvenile justice system (Weisheit Culbertson, 2000, p. 13-31). The author posits that the implementation of juvenile justice is constantly swinging from one extreme to the other based, largely, on the public’s perceptionRead MoreEssay on The Mission of the Correctional System 1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe correctional system has three main goals: punish, protect the community and rehabilitate the offender. However, it is unclear how well the modern U.S correctional system achieves these goals and whether the money invested in the correctional system might be better spent. These are some of the points I will cover regarding what I think about the correctional system. Department of Corrections is an agency of the state that is responsible for the supervision and management of convicted felonsRead More2.3 Conclusion:. The Aim Of Criminal Law Is To Protect1463 Words   |  6 Pages2.3 Conclusion: The aim of criminal law is to protect the rights of the individuals and to safeguard the weak against the strong, law abiding against lawless and peaceful against violent. The state has prescribed certain rules of conduct, sanctions for their violations and machinery to enforce sanctions and procedure to protect that machinery. If men were angels no government would be necessary. Read More U.S. Criminal Justice System Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pages U.S. Criminal Justice System In order to keep a safe society, it is important to establish a nation with good education to teach people judging from right or wrong , excellent police force to keep our street safe, and most of all, a good criminal justice system to carry out the justice. United States is a place with little crimes, a nation with nice houses, beautiful beaches, and expensive shops without property just like what I seen in the American movies in my opinion before I arrivedRead MoreCrime in the United States1052 Words   |  5 Pagesthe entire world by far. For most of my life I have always believed that the American justice system worked. When people do wrong they need to be punished and pay for their crimes. That is what our justice system is here for so how could is possibly go wrong? Unfortunetly it is not as simple as it sounds and all it takes is a little research to discover why. Before researching the U.S. criminal justice system, I would never have considered the fact that the U.S. has the worst prison populationRead MoreA Report On The United States s Nationwide Prison Population748 Words   |  3 Pagesharsher punishments for non-violent crimes, resulting in more than  1.57 million  inmates being imprisoned in federal, state, and local prisons and jails at any given time. In addition, an estimated 12 million Americans cycle through the U.S judicial system for se ntences less than one year in length, raising the estimated overall imprisonment rate, at any given date, to 2.4 million. These inmates, in addition to those barred from voting due to past felony convictions, make up approximately 2.5 percent

Social interaction free essay sample

Essay Question – Which is more important in shaping individual identity: social structure or social interaction? In the past the idea of identity was easily defined, people knew who they were as defined by their traditions and religion. Identities were shared and people existed as part of a community where identity was established and integrated in a natural order. However, as capitalism developed and modern societies rapidly changed, so did people’s view of themselves. Today people change their identities in a chameleon like way in search of their ‘true selves’ moulding into the situations they find themselves (Macionis Plummer 2012, pp.228-229). The question therefore remains, how does a person’s individual identity develop? This essay examines whether individual identity is shaped by our social interactions within our immediate environment or by the structures that make up our broader social context by examining past sociological theoretical perspectives. The argument will surmise that an individual’s identity is neither a result of social interaction or social structure independently, rather, that our identity is formed by both, dependently in different situations and times in our lives. Identity is about belonging, it is about what you have in common but also about what differentiates you from others in combination with your social relationships (Weeks, cited in Macionis Plummer 2012, p.228). There has often been a distinction made between individual and collective identity as distinct from one another, the former being unique to oneself and how one differs, the latter being shared by the greater collectively and how one is similar. Both have typically been accepted as uniquely independent (Jenkins 2008, pp.37-38). Recent views suggest that both emerge out of similarity and difference to make up our individual identity. From a macro sociological perspective identity is shaped by the outer, the greater systems and structures to which we are immersed in. From a micro sociological perspective identity is shaped by the inner, how we feel about and relate to ourselves and others. According to Back et al. (2012, p.97) we are not born with an existing conscious perception of ourselves, rather we learn this through our bodily experience and social interaction. This is socialisation  and it takes on a very important role. It is through these interactions, signs and symbols that identities are formed. Charles Horton Cooley and George Herbert Mead were two of the first symbolic interactionists. Symbolic interationalists study how people use symbols to make sense of their world and communicate with others. They posit that people evaluate themselves by comparing themselves to others (Henslin, Possamai, Possamai- Inesedy 2011, pp.26-27). Cooley believed that the self was socially created through interaction. The term he phrased the ‘looking-glass self’ encompasses three elements, firstly; imagining how we appear to the people around us, then interpreting their reactions, and finally developing our self-concept as a result. This can either be a positive or negative self-concept depending on the interpretation and even if this interpretation is inaccurate it still forms the basis of how we see ourselves (Henslin, Possamai, Possamai- Inesedy 2011, p.55). Similarly, Mead states that there cannot be a core self as distinct from the self that emerges through social experience. Mead’s argument is that social interaction is essential to gaining a sense of oneself and he believed that human behaviour was learnt as a result of social interaction (Germov Poole 2011, p.40). Mead’s concept of self is that self is inseparable from society, and this social interaction involves looking at ourselves as others would see us (Macionis Plummer 2012, p.214). Accordingly, the self has two components; the ‘I’ and ‘me’. The ‘I’ is the self as subject, the active part of self that responds to others, whereas the ‘me’ is the self as object, the part that is interactive with others (Henslin, Possamai, Possamai- Inesedy 2011, p.56). Irving Goffman (1959) also surmised that we act differently in different situations and this is what forms the basis of his dramaturgical analysis. He believed that socialisation consists of learning to perform on a stage and likened everyday life to acting out roles in a play. Goffman states that we have front and back stages, meaning we have a self-image and an image we portray to the public and the efforts we employ to manage these images is what he called impression management. At any point in time we may have a number of roles whether this is mother, student or employee, and how we perceive ourselves and what we present to others differs at any given time depending on the role we take on (Henslin, Possamai, Possamai- Inesedy 2011, p.90). This social interaction is what he suggests is a form of maintaining one’s  face or a particular mask we put on to present ourselves in a socially desirable way. This is what is termed the interaction order (Germov Poole 2011, p.41). The view that social interaction is important to identity can be supported by evidence contextualised in the nature; nurture debate. This has been shown through the discovery of feral children who later become assimilated into regular life. Feral children who have been left with little or no human contact are often unable to function as social beings (Henslin, Possamai, Possamai- Inesedy 2011, p.53; Macionis Plummer 2012, pp.209-211). This supports the notion that social interaction is central to individual identity in that the self develops as we gain a sense of others. However, to suggest that social interaction is the only input to developing identity has been criticised as missing the broader macro level influence. Alternate theories presented by Emile Durkheim, Talcott Parsons and Herbert Spencer address this. From the perspective of Durkheim and Parsons the identity emerges not from social interaction, but from social structure. While Cooley, Mead and Goffman focus on the up close face to face study of social life, Durkheim and Parsons explore the larger scale social structures such as state and economy. This perspective suggests that we are influenced by the social structure in which we find ourselves. Social structure refers to the framework in which societies exist and the way in which society is organised with typical group patterns which shape behaviour (Henslin, Possamai, Possamai- Inesedy 2011, p.77). Social structures include social institutions, culture, social class and status as well as the groups to which we belong and these can differ by society. Durkheim believed that patterns of behaviour form structures and that society is rooted in collective life. His functionalist approach suggests that social order is maintained through the sum of all the functioning parts and individuals are moulded by the broader social structures and systems in which they exist. We as individuals when faced with temptations are reeled in by the constraints of society as it regulates us through moral discipline (Macionis Plummer 2012, p.125). Parsons theory of structural functionalism was based on the works of Durkheim and Weber. Parsons believed that society is an organism made up of interrelated parts where social structures are dependent on each other and in order for society to function smoothly these parts must work together. He purported that any social system has four functional  prerequisites and these are the problems that society must solve to survive (Parsons 1996, p.23). Similarly, Spencer saw the social as a functioning structure. He argues that societies have functioning structures just as bodies do and these structures evolve over time much like the body grows and adapts to the environment (Plummer 2010, pp.32-33). However, debate continues over whether structure in itself can solely be responsible for how one defines their identity. Criticism of the functionalist approach is that we are not merely puppets or prisoners of the societies in which we find ourselves whose behaviour is bound by the forces at hand. More recent theories suggest that both structure and interaction merge to form identity whether this is individual or collective as how we define ourselves within a group. In Giddens theory of structuration which he defines as the structuring of social relations across time and space, in virtue of the duality of structure (Giddens 1984, p. 376), he suggests that human agency and social structure are in a relationship with each other; that structures can only exist in and through social action. This duality of structure refers to the fact that structures are both produced by, as well as the medium of human action (Craib 2011, pp.29-34). This means that whilst a social structure exists with its institutions, social classes and established ways of doing things; these can also be produced, reproduced or transformed. However, as individuals we are also not limitless in our actions. Giddens draws an anology to ‘language as a structure’; whilst there are rules of syntax which govern the reproduction of speech, they also generate the totality of speech-acts, being language (Giddens, cited in Craib 2011, p.29). Those that break the rules face consequences and this is the same as social life. We are governed by unconscious rules of social order to which we adhere to or face rejection. In conclusion, whilst there has been much debate over whether social structure or social interaction is more important in shaping individual identity, both are equally important. When looking at society as it is today, we cannot solely look to one theorist’s viewpoint to explain the complexity of identity. Each viewpoint unto itself cannot explain individual identity in its entirety. Whilst Cooley, Mead, and Goffman’s perspectives offer clear reasons for interaction being significant in forming identity particularly when looking at socialisation processes, we cannot dismiss the structural perspectives of  Durkheim and Parsons as central to the formation of identity. Giddens dichotomy seems to point us in the right direction. We must consider that human agency and social structure are in relationship to one another and as such are central to the formation of individual identity. Humans are not passively accepting of structure, or solitary beings, we all engage in social interaction with others which shifts and guides the structures in which we find ourselves and helps us to form our individual identities.

Measures by the Canadian Tourism Agencies to Curb Avian Flu

Question: Discuss about theMeasures by the Canadian Tourism Agencies to Curb Avian Flu. Answer: Position Statement There has been an unindustrialized concern about the possibility of an avian flu pandemic (AFP) and its impacts on the global financial systems, the global economy, and the human life. Such pandemics are common occurrences and they cannot be ignored due to their great impacts. Background of Content On 20th May 2010, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) reported that the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus had invented the Central Fraser Valley (Alhaji and Odetokun, 2011, p. 159). This had caused much impacts to the residents including deaths and the disease was spreading rapidly exposing the lives of people into risk. Statement of Need Following a previous outbreak in Toronto in the year 2000 which claimed the lives of hundreds of people, the government had to take immediate necessary measures in order to avoid the severe impacts. This necessitated the need for all the sectors of the economy including the tourism sector to join hands and come up with the proper means to combat the situation. The tourism industry was thus made aware and was keen to take responsibility of informing the foreign tourists and even the locals who use the tourism services in order to curb the rapid spread of the virus and achieve a successful outcome. This is because the immediate effects of the impacts would be felt both locally and internationally by the animal and human health. This paper features the tourism industrys policy to address the outbreak of the avian flu to prevent its adverse effects on the tourist sector among other sectors of the economy in Canada. Process Plan The avian flu as defined by Cheng 2011, is a disease which is caused by a virus with numerous types whereby some are more hazardous than others. Highly pathogenic avian flu causes serious diseases in domestic poultry with high mortality rate hence a threat to both human and poultry life. While the scientific study suggests that the entry and spread of the disease find its favorable environment in the domestic poultry, it has proved to be a major concern in the tourism sector since the disease affects human life as well. The disease presents a major concern since when given opportunity, it changes into a form which makes it become highly transmittable for humans and spreads out rapidly from one person to the other (Alhaji and Odetokun, 2011, p.160). Additionally, if not well addressed in good time the spread could mark the beginning of a world outbreak and controlling it may become almost impossible. This necessitated the minister for health in collaboration with tourism industry in C anada to come up with a policy to address the situation as it would cause major negative effects on the tourism sector (Cheng, et al.2011, p.186). According to the WHO, this is necessitated by the fact that the disease has great uncertainties about the virulence, timing, and the general scope of a future pandemic of the humans, assessing the number of people who might fall victims of the disease and the social impact the event might cause. In contradiction of this framework of a considerable uncertainty about the nature of the pandemic, this paper provides an introductory valuation of the risks and the potential impact it might have on the tourism sector. The Canadian minister for tourism focuses on marketing the tourism destination in order to generate export revenues to the economy. Tourism is one of the sectors that are considered to generate much of the government revenues due to the provision of new dollars to the Canadian economy since an item sold to an international tourist is considered as an export. The avian outbreak may pose the risk of losing many tourists in fear of contracting such a disease (Cheng, et al.2011, p.186). The foreign investors may also flee the country due to such an outbreak hence pose great losses of the foreign income in the economy of Canada. This necessitates the minister for trade and tourism to come up with measures to curb such a disease and avoid such scenarios. The outbreak leads to many impacts and the Canadian government adopted some measures to curb the flu and why it emerged as an issue posing global risks in the tourism sector. In 2010, Canada identified avian flu and its spread as an issue of concern in the tourism and indirectly decided to share this as a case of good practice with other NGOs globally via the World Tourism Organization. This issue was further reaffirmed in 2014 when the Global Risks 2014 report showed that an influenza outbreak was one of the major risks facing the global business in 2013 and 2014 hence causing an acute concern (Cheng, et al.2011, p.186). This included the drop in the tourism revenues by 300C$ on the basis of the fear of flying by the other foreigners. In order to focus on the event strategically, the tourism industry among other sectors of the economy estimates the potential impact of the outbreak so as to come up with the necessary measures. The government would thus involve all the sectors of the economy and the whole public in general by mobilizing them to take responsibility in the efforts to fight the disease. Proposed Process Communication by the tourism industry is one of the approaches used to manage the disease outbreak by providing the public with the relevant information and the tools needed to keep the spread at bay. The tourism agencies were on toes to provide the accurate and timely information to all the tourists in pursuit to minimize the unforeseen social and economic interference hence maximizing the effective response outcome. According to Collia et al.2011, p.9). While all the other factors remain constant, the difference between a worse and a best case global scenario may reduce to how well the organizations, individuals, and the government control the exposure to the risks of the people. According to the WHO, it is important that the government informs their nationals of the difficult situations and the potential dangers which they may encounter as they travel abroad (Collia et al, 2011, p.9). The information should be issued without discrimination or in an exaggerated manner by the touris m industry of Canada as the host country. The content of the travel advisories should be discussed early in advance with the authorities of Canada alongside the relevant professionals. The team should come up with appropriate recommendations which are proportionate to the passion of the current situation and limited to the geographical areas where this event is acute. The tourism administrators also urge the press to take charge in issuing clear, honest and balanced information regarding the situation at hand which would determine the flow of the tourists. The consumers of tourism services should also be issued with the reliable and accurate information through the press and electronic commerce communication. Another measure is a routine use of on-farm biosecurity measures which help prevent the introduction of the disease into the flock. The tourism agencies in collaboration with the ministry for livestock and poultry have implemented measures to control the contact between the poultry and world animals and birds to prevent the spread of the disease. This includes keeping the ducks and geese in distinct houses as the other poultry. The tourism agencies recommend that this biosecurity guidance is implemented before an outbreak to avoid the adverse impacts of the disease as the relevant authorities try to curb it once it happens (Cottrell, et al.2013, p.110). This calls for the importance of both commercial and non-commercial poultry owners to implement these measures into their farm so as to prevent the invention of the disease. This includes keeping the poultry indoors as the risk increases when birds which are outside come into contact with the wild birds and their droppings. The farmer s are also encouraged to ensure proper sanitation of the poultry stalls and avoid the slaughtering of the birds in places which have not been approved by the veteran officers. The government is also geared to compensating for the loss incurred by the farmers in order to support them as it plays a great role in promoting the efforts in controlling flu so as to prevent the farmers from killing and rejecting their flocks (Cottrell, et al.2013, p.110). However, the government should be cautious not to pay too much to the farmers as an enticement as this would make them to intentionally poison their flocks. The government has also launched plans to be warning the public well on time and educating them on the disease, transparent information sharing in order to detect the potential outbreak before it becomes widespread (Cottrell, et al.2013, p.110). This also involves tracking the potentially hazardous changes associated with the virus and requires intensive networking among all the stakeholders from the farms, public and animal health laboratories and the national government and other institutions. Influenza surveillance is another measure taken by the government to curb the situation which involves the collection, amplification, and circulation of data which enables the development of evidence-based interventions (Oner, et al.2006, p.2180). This is necessary so as to identify where, when, and they type of influenza viruses which are in circulation as well as the intensity and the impact it has on the population. It also helps to identify the high-risk population so as to take the necessary measures immediately. The tourism agencies will ensure that the epidemiological situation in the neighboring and the origin country of the visiting travelers is well scrutinized to get a clear direction of the necessary measures needed (Parry, 2013, p.346). The government has ensured the implementation of the surveillance equipment designed to detect the unexplained respiratory illnesses, which activates proper laboratory inquiries. The data obtained from the surveillance becomes the key dri ver of the pandemic response as it is used to assess the pandemic phase and to track the advancement through the phases (Wan, et al.2011, p.13435). This data collected on influenza-like illness and deaths is vital to assess the severity and extent of the epidemics. The access and availability of the timely data are vital especially during the outbreak periods as the information is spread to the public and the overseas countries are made aware so that those visiting the Canada are aware or their government restricts their travel to Canada hence minimizing the spread (Parry, 2013, p.346). The visitors who wish to tour the country during the outbreak are either vaccinated against the disease early in advance to keep them secure. Alternatively, the government will implement restrictions from visiting the high-risk areas and the prone areas or simply ban foreign tourists as the situation is being dealt with. This helps a great deal to ensure that a good relationship continues between Can ada and other countries because if a foreigner would contrast such a disease while on tour to the country, such would be regarded as a negligence by the government which would lead to ceasing from visiting Canada. The surveillance is also important to ensure that those living in risky areas are vaccinated and educated on how to deal with the situation before it worsens (Parry, 2013, p.346). The tourism agencies also enforced restriction for freedom of movement especially to the tourist areas that are prone to the outbreak. This was in collaboration with the health sector so as to ensure that the measures taken to curb the condition are apparent and clear and that the outcome can be well defensible hence ensuring consistency with the International Health Regulations. The protection of the travel health is also another measure which includes temperature screening on the passengers who arrive at the airport such that the passengers who are detected to have a fever or sick may be noted for further examination and those spotted with influenza may be taken to hospital for further management. The government has also organized seminars meant for the tour group coordinators in order to keep them informed on how to conduct the touring activities during the epidemic period (Hermalin Weisbach, 1991, p. 34). This also requires that the travel health website is kept up to date and the information on travel health advice in regard to the emerging threats of the avian influenza is made available in all the relevant places. Some pamphlets with information on health advice relating to the prevention of the disease are distributed to the airport, land border control points and seaports to make the passengers aware of the prevailing situation upon entry and before leaving the country (De Jong, et al.2005, p.688). The pamphlets are also distributed in various languages to the travelers moving to and from the risk areas and reminder letters also provided to them bearing health advice through the organizations working with migrant helpers (Parry, 2013, p.346).. The Mobile Information Service at the airports is also tasked with the duty to help in disseminating leaflets in the minority languages to the migrant workers and the newly arrived foreign domestic workers. The government also takes other measures which include banning of importation or export of poultry and eggs to other countries. Some public health measures were also added which included ordering treatments to all the arriving and departing travelers at the airports and seaports (Hermalin Weisbach, 1991, p.34). The powers were instituted to enable diverting of an aircraft to an alternate landing site when the need arises in order to come up with quarantine facilities at all the Canadian locations and also prohibit the entry of travelers and importation or exportation of goods to some countries to prevent possible introduction of the disease to the countries (Parry, 2013, p. 346). The nurses and physicians are allocated at various quarantine stations including the international airports in Toronto, Vancouver, and Calgary which occupy the biggest percentage of the in and out of Canada air travels and are in operation for 24 hours a day. The quarantine officers also the responsibility of nursing the ill reporting persons who present at the international land borders and marine ports. In response to the outbreak of the disease, the tourism agencies in collaboration with the Health Portfolio Emergency Operations Centre (HPEOC) which is a coordination platform for emergency response in Toronto in order to support Canada's health program and facilitate the health of the tourists in the provincial, territorial and other areas (Hayden, et al.1999, p.1340). The tourism health officers and the HPEOC offer a 24-hour event management by utilizing the telecommunication network and particular software to synchronize distribution of the information across all the other partners involved in responding to outbreak response (Cottrell et al, 2013, P. 109). Generally, the avian flu can be a threat to the country it invents and interferes with the development and the economy of the country. Among other sectors of the economy, the tourism industry is highly affected by the outbreak of such a disease since this can mean evacuation from the tourist sites which are affected and their neighboring areas (Prinz et al 2011, p.712). Some potential tourists from abroad may hesitate to visit the country Canada in fear of getting infected with such a disease which is highly transmittable hence causing major losses of foreign currency. This has made the tourism agencies in Canada to join hands with other stakeholders to implement the measures to combat the situation after the outbreak which occurred in 2014. Some measures taken include implementing the farm biosecurity measures such as separating the ducks from other poultry and controlling the contact between them and wild birds (Lu, et al.2012, p.125). Others include instituting the surveillance w hich enables to assess the possibility of an outbreak and its possible magnitude so as to take the necessary measures prior to the outbreak (Swayne, 2012, p. 818). The agency has also come up with proper communication means which include the use of telecommunication to spread the information regarding the outbreak and the tourist places to be avoided. It also collaborates with the Canada Health Agencies (CHA) to ensure that the travelers moving in and out of the country are scrutinized thoroughly for any possible diseases and those noted to be ill are taken for further treatment to avoid the spread (Swayne, et al.2003, p.1048). The tourism agencies also work together with the air travel management to ensure that the foreign tourists are well directed in order to avoid visiting the high-risk areas (Svoboda, et al.2004, p.2355). This includes diverting of the aircraft landing in case of an outbreak. However, the agency recommends that in order to be effective, these measures need to b e implemented early in advance before an outbreak occurs so as to make the combating of the disease easier as it is always said that prevention is better than cure. References Alhaji, N.B. and Odetokun, I.A., 2011. Assessment of Biosecurity Measures Against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Risks in Small?Scale Commercial Farms and Free?Range Poultry Flocks in the Northcentral Nigeria.Transboundary and emerging diseases,58(2), pp.157-161. Cheng, X.W., Lu, J., Wu, C.L., Yi, L.N., Xie, X., Shi, X.D., Fang, S.S., Zan, H., Kung, H.F. and He, M.L., 2011. Three fatal cases of pandemic 2009 influenza A virus infection in Shenzhen are associated with cytokine storm.Respiratory physiology neurobiology,175(1), pp.185-187. Collier, N., Son, N.T. and Nguyen, N.M., 2011. OMG U got flu? Analysis of shared health messages for bio-surveillance.Journal of biomedical semantics,2(5), p.S9. Cottrell, E.B., Chou, R., Wasson, N., Rahman, B. and Guise, J.M., 2013. Reducing risk for mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus: a systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.Annals of internal medicine,158(2), pp.109-113. De Jong, M.D., Cam, B.V., Qui, P.T., Hien, V.M., Thanh, T.T., Hue, N.B., Beld, M., Phuong, L.T., Khanh, T.H., Chau, N.V.V. and Hien, T.T., 2005. Fatal avian influenza A (H5N1) in a child presenting with diarrhea followed by coma.New England Journal of Medicine,352(7), pp.686-691. Hayden, F.G., Atmar, R.L., Schilling, M., Johnson, C., Poretz, D., Paar, D., Huson, L., Ward, P., Mills, R.G. and Oseltamivir Study Group, 1999. Use of the selective oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir to prevent influenza.New England Journal of Medicine,341(18), pp.1336-1343. Lu, D.Y., Lu, T.R. and Wu, H.Y., 2012. Avian Flu; Pathogenesis and Therapy.Anti-Infective Agents,10(2), pp.124-129. Oner, A.F., Bay, A., Arslan, S., Akdeniz, H., Sahin, H.A., Cesur, Y., Epcacan, S., Yilmaz, N., Deger, I., Kizilyildiz, B. and Karsen, H., 2006. Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in eastern Turkey in 2006.New England Journal of Medicine,355(21), pp.2179-2185. Parry, J., 2013. H7N9 avian flu infects humans for the first time.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),346. Prinz, F., Schlange, T. and Asadullah, K., 2011. Believe it or not: how much can we rely on published data on potential drug targets?.Nature reviews Drug discovery,10(9), pp.712-712. Svoboda, T., Henry, B., Shulman, L., Kennedy, E., Rea, E., Ng, W., Wallington, T., Yaffe, B., Gournis, E., Vicencio, E. and Basrur, S., 2004. Public health measures to control the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome during the outbreak in Toronto.New England Journal of Medicine,350(23), pp.2352-2361. Swayne, D.E., 2012. Impact of vaccines and vaccination on global control of avian influenza.Avian diseases,56(4s1), pp.818-828. Swayne, D.E., Suarez, D.L., Schultz-Cherry, S., Tumpey, T.M., King, D.J., Nakaya, T., Palese, P. and Garcia-Sastre, A., 2003. Recombinant paramyxovirus type 1-avian influenza-H7 virus as a vaccine for protection of chickens against influenza and Newcastle disease.Avian diseases,47(s3), pp.1047-1050. Wan, X.F., Dong, L., Lan, Y., Long, L.P., Xu, C., Zou, S., Li, Z., Wen, L., Cai, Z., Wang, W. and Li, X., 2011. Indications that live poultry markets are a major source of human H5N1 influenza virus infection in China.Journal of virology,85(24), pp.13432-13438.